All opinions
792
Opinions
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Copyright © 2026 PLEJ LLC. All rights reserved.
This is not an official Supreme Court website.
Copyright © 2026 PLEJ LLC. All rights reserved.
Opinions
Majority opinions, concurrences, dissents, and per curiam decisions — organized by author, vote split, and case context.
How the opinions divide
All opinions
792
This term
126
Per curiam
19
Opinion of the Court
The controlling opinion when a majority joins it. This is the decision most Americans mean when they ask what the Court held.
Concurrence
Agrees with the judgment but adds a different reason, a narrower rule, or a warning about where the law should go next.
Dissent
Explains why one or more justices think the Court got the case wrong. Often becomes the language people remember years later.
Latest opinion
Bradley Little, Governor of Idaho, et al. v. Lindsay Hecox, et al.
In a 6–3 decision authored by Justice Kavanaugh, the Court reversed and remanded a lower-court ruling that had blocked Idaho’s law barring transgender girls (individuals assigned male at birth who identify as female) from competing on girls’ K–12 sports teams. The Court’s opinion limits the scope of the injunction and sends the case back for further proceedings consistent with the Court’s reasoning.
Vote split
6–3
All opinions
Grouped by decision day. Each card shows the opinion type, authoring justice, vote split, and a summary — color-coded by type so you can scan the stream at a glance.
West Virginia, et al. v. B. P. J., By Her Next Friend and Mother, Heather Jackson
Justice Sonia Sotomayor wrote an opinion that agrees with the Court’s final outcome (reversing and remanding) in the school sports dispute but disagrees with some of the majority’s legal reasoning. She was joined by Justices Kagan and Jackson for that separate opinion.
Joined by
5 justices
AI headline
Supreme Court narrows challenge to Idaho law restricting transgender girls from girls’ K–12 sports; reverses lower-court
National Republican Senatorial Committee, et al. v. Federal Election Commission, et al.
The Supreme Court reversed a lower court ruling and sent the case back. Justice Kagan wrote a dissent joined by Justices Sotomayor and Jackson, arguing the Court should not have overturned limits on political-party spending coordinated with candidates.
Donald J. Trump, President of the United States, et al. v. Barbara, et al.
The Supreme Court affirmed the lower court's judgment. Chief Justice Roberts wrote the majority opinion joined by Justices Sotomayor, Kagan, Barrett, and Jackson. Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson wrote a separate concurring opinion (joined in parts by Justice Sotomayor) explaining her reasoning for the result. Several justices wrote separate opinions disagreeing in part or in whole.
Donald J. Trump, President of the United States, et al. v. Barbara, et al.
The Supreme Court affirmed the lower court’s judgment. Chief Justice Roberts wrote the Court’s opinion, joined by four other Justices; Justices Jackson and Kavanaugh wrote separate opinions. Justice Clarence Thomas wrote a dissenting opinion joined by Justice Neil Gorsuch.
West Virginia, et al. v. B. P. J., By Her Next Friend and Mother, Heather Jackson
The Supreme Court reversed the lower court and sent the case back. Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson wrote a separate opinion that agrees with the Court’s ultimate outcome in part and disagrees in part, explaining her reasons for concurring only in the judgment.
Bradley Little, Governor of Idaho, et al. v. Lindsay Hecox, et al.
Justice Jackson agreed with the Court’s ultimate decision to reverse and remand the lower-court ruling but did not fully join the majority opinion. She wrote separately to explain her specific views about how the law should be analyzed and why she both joined and disagreed with parts of the Court’s reasoning.
Bradley Little, Governor of Idaho, et al. v. Lindsay Hecox, et al.
Justice Sonia Sotomayor wrote an opinion that agreed with reversing the lower court’s judgment in part but disagreed with important aspects of the Court’s reasoning. She was joined by Justices Kagan and Jackson.
Donald J. Trump, President of the United States, et al. v. Barbara, et al.
Justice Kavanaugh joined the Court’s decision to affirm the lower court’s judgment but wrote a separate opinion saying he reached the same ultimate result for partly different reasons. His opinion agrees with some parts of the majority and disagrees with others.
National Republican Senatorial Committee, et al. v. Federal Election Commission, et al.
In a 6-3 decision, the Court held that a federal law limiting how much a political party can spend on campaign advertising when done in coordination with its candidates (52 U.S.C. §30116(d)) violates the First Amendment. The judgment of the lower court was reversed and the case remanded.
West Virginia, et al. v. B. P. J., By Her Next Friend and Mother, Heather Jackson
The Court held (6–3) that Title IX does not bar a state from providing separate sports teams defined by biological sex assigned at birth, and that doing so does not violate the Equal Protection Clause. The ruling reverses the lower court and sends the case back for further proceedings consistent with the opinion.
Donald J. Trump, President of the United States, et al. v. Barbara, et al.
In a 5–3 decision authored by Chief Justice Roberts, the Supreme Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment’s Citizenship Clause grants birthright citizenship to children born in the United States even when their parents are unlawfully or temporarily present. The judgment affirms that such children are “subject to the jurisdiction” of the United States and therefore U.S. citizens at birth.
Donald J. Trump, President of the United States, et al. v. Rebecca Kelly Slaughter
The Supreme Court reversed and remanded a lower-court ruling about the Federal Trade Commission’s statutory removal protections for its members. Chief Justice Roberts wrote the Court’s opinion (5–3), and Justice Gorsuch wrote a separate concurrence. Justices Sotomayor, Kagan, and Jackson dissented. The case asked whether Congress may limit the President’s ability to remove FTC commissioners and whether the Court should overrule Humphrey’s Executor (1935).
Markwayne Mullin, Secretary of Homeland Security, et al. v. Al Otro Lado, a California Corporation, et al.
The Supreme Court reversed a lower-court decision and remanded the case involving whether people stopped on the Mexican side of the border can “arrive in the United States” and thus apply for asylum. Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson wrote a dissent disagreeing with the majority's decision to reverse.
Damon Landor v. Louisiana Department of Corrections and Public Safety, et al.
The Court affirmed the lower-court result (per Justice Gorsuch’s majority), but Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson, joined by Justices Sotomayor and Kagan, wrote a dissent. The dissent disputes the majority’s reading or application of the religious-liberty statutes (RFRA/RLUIPA) or the available remedies, expressing concern about how the Court treated the plaintiff’s claims and the legal standards used.
United States v. Ali Danial Hemani
In a 7–2 decision, the Supreme Court held that applying the federal ban on firearm possession by an "unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance" (18 U.S.C. §922(g)(3)) to the respondent, Ali Danial Hemani, violates the Second Amendment.
Michael Watson, Mississippi Secretary of State v. Republican National Committee, et al.
The Supreme Court reversed the lower-court judgment and sent the case back. Justice Alito wrote a dissent, joined by Justices Thomas and Gorsuch, with Justice Kavanaugh joining most but not all parts of the dissent. The dispute involved federal statutes that set the date for federal elections and Mississippi’s requirement that ballots be cast on that day.
Donald J. Trump, President of the United States, et al. v. Rebecca Kelly Slaughter
The Court reversed and sent the case back, but Justices Sotomayor, Kagan, and Jackson issued a dissent. The dissent argues the majority got the law or its consequences wrong concerning removal protections for Federal Trade Commission members and related separation‑of‑powers questions.
Okello T. Chatrie v. United States
In a decision authored by Justice Kagan, the Supreme Court held that police conduct a Fourth Amendment search when they obtain a person’s cell‑phone location data from a service provider. The Court said individuals have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their phone’s location information, so officers generally need a warrant based on probable cause before acquiring such data.
Donald J. Trump, President of the United States, et al. v. Rebecca Kelly Slaughter
In a 5–3 decision, the Supreme Court held that the law protecting Federal Trade Commission (FTC) commissioners from removal except for cause (15 U.S.C. §41) violates the Constitution’s separation of powers and is therefore invalid. The Court reversed the lower court’s judgment and sent the case back for further proceedings.
STAY TRUMP V. COOK
The Court denied the government's request to pause (stay) a district court’s preliminary injunction that blocked the attempted removal of Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook while the case proceeds in lower courts.
Michael Watson, Mississippi Secretary of State v. Republican National Committee, et al.
In a 5–3 decision, the Supreme Court held that federal election-day statutes do not require absentee ballots to be received on Election Day, so Mississippi may count ballots postmarked by Election Day and received within five days after.
Monsanto Company v. John L. Durnell
The Court held 7–2 that a federal law (FIFRA) preempts a state-law failure-to-warn claim that would force Monsanto to add a cancer warning to Roundup’s label. The judgment reversing the lower court requires the case to be sent back (remanded).
Markwayne Mullin, Secretary of Homeland Security, et al. v. Al Otro Lado, a California Corporation, et al.
In a 6–3 decision, the Court held that under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) an alien “arrives in the United States” only when they physically cross the border into U.S. territory. People stopped on the Mexican side of the border are not entitled under the INA to apply for asylum or to be inspected by a U.S. immigration officer.
Donald J. Trump, President of the United States, et al. v. Fritz Emmanuel Lesly Miot, et al.
The Supreme Court reversed the lower court's decision and sent the case back for further proceedings. Justice Alito announced the judgment for the Court; Chief Justice Roberts and Justices Thomas and Kavanaugh joined fully; Justices Gorsuch and Barrett joined except for one part. Justice Thomas wrote a separate concurring opinion. Justices Kagan, Sotomayor, and Jackson dissented.
Monsanto Company v. John L. Durnell
The Supreme Court reversed and sent back a case about whether Monsanto (Roundup) must warn consumers that its product causes cancer. Justice Kavanaugh wrote the Court’s opinion reversing the lower court; Chief Justice Roberts and Justices Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, and Barrett joined. Justice Thomas wrote a separate concurrence. Justices Jackson and Gorsuch dissented.
Markwayne Mullin, Secretary of Homeland Security, et al. v. Al Otro Lado, a California Corporation, et al.
The Court reversed and remanded a lower-court ruling in a case about whether people stopped on the Mexican side of the border can be treated as "arriving" in the United States for asylum purposes. Justice Thomas wrote a separate concurring opinion, joining the majority judgment.
Jason Wolford, et al. v. Anne E. Lopez, Attorney General of Hawaii
The Supreme Court reversed the Ninth Circuit and sent the case back, allowing Hawaii’s rule to be evaluated further. Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson (joined by Justice Sotomayor) wrote a dissent arguing the majority was wrong to disturb the lower court’s decision upholding Hawaii’s presumptive ban on carrying handguns on private property open to the public without the property owner’s express permission.
Donald J. Trump, President of the United States, et al. v. Fritz Emmanuel Lesly Miot, et al.
The Supreme Court reversed the lower court’s decision and remanded the case. Justice Alito wrote the Court’s opinion, with a majority joining most parts and a narrow dissent from Justices Kagan, Sotomayor, and Jackson.
Jason Wolford, et al. v. Anne E. Lopez, Attorney General of Hawaii
The Supreme Court reversed the Ninth Circuit and sent the case back, but Justice Elena Kagan wrote a dissent disagreeing with the majority's decision to overturn the lower court. The dispute concerned whether Hawaii can generally ban permit holders from carrying handguns on private property that is open to the public unless a property owner expressly allows it.
Jason Wolford, et al. v. Anne E. Lopez, Attorney General of Hawaii
The Court reversed the Ninth Circuit and held that Hawaii may not presumptively ban licensed concealed‑carry permit holders from carrying handguns on privately owned places open to the public unless the property owner expressly authorizes it. The law violated the Second and Fourteenth Amendments.
Markwayne Mullin, Secretary, Department of Homeland Security, et al. v. Dahlia Doe, et al.
The Supreme Court reversed the lower-court judgment and remanded the case. Justice Alito announced the Court’s judgment and opinion; Chief Justice Roberts and Justices Thomas and Kavanaugh joined fully; Justices Gorsuch and Barrett joined except for one part. Justice Thomas wrote a separate concurring opinion. Justices Kagan, Sotomayor, and Jackson dissented.
Markwayne Mullin, Secretary, Department of Homeland Security, et al. v. Dahlia Doe, et al.
The Court held that a statute (8 U.S.C. §1254a(b)(5)(A)) bars courts from reviewing non-constitutional challenges to Temporary Protected Status (TPS) decisions. Applying that rule, the Court found the plaintiffs’ equal protection claim (that the Government ended Haiti’s TPS for racial reasons) is unlikely to succeed because a plausible race-neutral reason exists: the current Administration opposes TPS as previously applied and has ended renewals across the board. The judgment below is reversed and the case remanded.
Markwayne Mullin, Secretary of Homeland Security, et al. v. Al Otro Lado, a California Corporation, et al.
The Supreme Court reversed a lower-court ruling and sent the case back. Chief Justice Alito wrote the majority opinion reversing the judgment; Justices Sotomayor, Kagan, and Jackson dissented. Sotomayor’s dissent argues the majority got key legal points wrong about who is entitled to seek asylum and inspection under the Immigration and Nationality Act.
Jason Wolford, et al. v. Anne E. Lopez, Attorney General of Hawaii
The Supreme Court reversed the Ninth Circuit and sent the case back, rejecting the lower court’s approach to Hawaii’s rule that generally bars licensed handgun carriers from bringing firearms onto private property open to the public unless the property owner gives express permission. Justice Amy Coney Barrett wrote a concurring opinion joined in part by Justices Thomas and Gorsuch.
Monsanto Company v. John L. Durnell
The Supreme Court reversed a lower-court judgment and sent the case back for further proceedings. Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson wrote a dissenting opinion, joined by Justice Neil Gorsuch, disagreeing with the Court’s decision to reverse and remand in this case involving EPA findings about glyphosate and labeling under FIFRA.
Markwayne Mullin, Secretary, Department of Homeland Security, et al. v. Dahlia Doe, et al.
The Supreme Court reversed the lower-court decision and sent the case back for further proceedings. Justice Kagan dissented, joined by Justices Sotomayor and Jackson, disagreeing with the Court’s judgment and reasoning.
Donald J. Trump, President of the United States, et al. v. Fritz Emmanuel Lesly Miot, et al.
The Supreme Court reversed the lower court's judgment and sent the case back for further proceedings. Justice Kagan wrote a dissenting opinion, joined by Justices Sotomayor and Jackson, objecting to the Court's decision and reasoning.
Exxon Mobil Corporation v. Corporación Cimex, S.A. (Cuba), et al.
The Supreme Court reversed and sent the case back to lower courts. A majority (Kavanaugh, joined by Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch, and Barrett) ruled for Exxon and against the Cuban claimants, while Justice Kagan wrote a dissent, joined by Justices Sotomayor and Jackson. The dissent disagrees with the majority’s interpretation of who qualifies as a defendant under the Helms‑Burton Act.
Todd Blanche, Acting Attorney General v. Muk Choi Lau
In Blanche v. Lau (June 23, 2026), the Supreme Court held that the Immigration and Nationality Act does not force border officers to meet a 'clear and convincing' evidence standard before deciding that a lawful permanent resident (LPR) is an applicant for admission because of a suspected crime involving moral turpitude.
Damon Landor v. Louisiana Department of Corrections and Public Safety, et al.
In a 6–3 decision, the Supreme Court held that state officials cannot be sued in their personal capacities under the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA), a law enacted under Congress’s Spending Clause, unless the officials voluntarily and knowingly consented to be sued. Because the defendants here did not consent, the plaintiff’s claims against them in their individual capacities were dismissed.
Cisco Systems, Inc., et al. v. Doe I, et al.
In a 6–3 decision authored by Justice Barrett, the Supreme Court held that federal courts may not create new private causes of action under the Alien Tort Statute (ATS) to enforce violations of international law, and that neither the ATS nor the Torture Victim Protection Act (TVPA) provides liability for aiding-and-abetting.
Cisco Systems, Inc., et al. v. Doe I, et al.
The Supreme Court reversed a lower-court ruling and sent the case back. Chief Justice Barrett’s majority opinion (joined by five Justices) controls the judgment. Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson wrote a separate opinion that agrees with some parts of the Court’s decision and disagrees with others; Justice Kagan joined her. The case concerns whether the federal Alien Tort Statute (ATS) allows private aiding-and-abetting claims and what mental state plaintiffs must show; it also involves the Torture Victim Protection Act.
Michael Pung, Personal Representative of the Estate of Timothy Scott Pung v. Isabella County, Michigan
The Supreme Court held (opinion by Justice Alito) that when a county conducts a regular tax foreclosure sale, the Constitution requires just compensation to be measured by the actual auction sale price, not an imagined higher fair market value. Isabella County did not violate the Excessive Fines Clause by keeping the difference between auction price and a property's hypothetical market value.
Exxon Mobil Corporation v. Corporación Cimex, S.A. (Cuba), et al.
The Court held 6–3 that the Helms-Burton Act strips sovereign immunity from Cuban agencies and instrumentalities, so American plaintiffs suing those Cuban entities under the Act do not also need to meet the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act’s (FSIA) listed exceptions.
Cisco Systems, Inc., et al. v. Doe I, et al.
Justice Sonia Sotomayor, joined by Justices Kagan and Jackson for major sections, dissented from the Court’s decision reversing a lower court. The dissent argues the Alien Tort Statute (ATS) can support aiding-and-abetting claims and that the Court’s narrowing of the ATS and related standards is wrong. The case is sent back after the majority reversed.
United States v. Ali Danial Hemani
Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson wrote a concurring opinion (joined by Justice Sotomayor) in the Court’s decision to affirm a conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(3), which bars firearm possession by people who are "unlawful users of or addicted to any controlled substance." The overall judgment — authored by Justice Gorsuch — upheld the statute as applied to the respondent.
Munson P. Hunter, III v. United States
The Supreme Court held that a defendant’s agreement not to appeal a sentence cannot be enforced if enforcing it would produce a miscarriage of justice — an egregious error that would bring the judicial system into disrepute.